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December, 2006 (Issue 52)   | |
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  | Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery p.83 |
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November, 2006 (Issue 51)   | top |
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| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disruptive behavior disorder that occurs in 5-7% of school-age children and has also been estimated to occur in about 4% of adults. ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of frequent, severe inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that starts before the age of 7, is present in 2 or more settings (such as home and school), causes significant impairment in function, and is not caused by another mental disorder. The drugs approved for treatment of ADHD by the FDA are listed in this article. Except for atomoxetine, they are all stimulants and are classified as controlled substances by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). | |
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October, 2006 (Issue 50)   | |
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  | Drugs for HIV Infection p.67 |
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.cgi?type=tg09&inst=null">Superseded by Treatment Guidelines "Drugs for HIV Infection" - Issue 78, February 2009 The approval of new drugs and continuing concerns about drug toxicity and resistance have prompted new antiretroviral treatment guidelines. Resistance testing is not recommended before starting antiretroviral therapy. HIV infection is treated with combinations of antiretroviral drugs while monitoring the patient's HIV RNA levels ("viral load") and CD4 cell count. Increases in viral load while on therapy may indicate development of drug resistance requiring further testing and a change in treatment regimen. | |
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September, 2006 (Issue 49)   | top |
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| Every pharmaceutical drug is a dose-dependent poison. This article describes the clinical presentation and treatment of some dangerous overdoses commonly reported in adults. | |
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August, 2006 (Issue 48)   | |
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| A variety of cancer chemotherapy drugs are used, mostly in combination, for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. The mechanism of action, indications and adverse effects of some of these drugs are discussed in thei article. | |
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July, 2006 (Issue 47)   | top |
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  | Adult Immunization p.47 |
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June, 2006 (Issue 46)   | |
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| Drugs are not the only treatment for psychiatric illness. Psychotherapy remains an important component in the management of these disorders, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is used for many of them as well. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has a long history of efficacy and safety when drugs are ineffective or cannot be used. | |
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  | Advice for Travelers p.25 |
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April, 2006 (Issue 44)   | |
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| Hypothyroidism is usually the result of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism or cancer, or radioactive iodine therapy. Treatment of hypothyroidism with replacement doses of thyroid hormone is usually lifelong. The drug of choice for thyroid replacement therapy is levothyroxine. Liothyronine and dessicated porcine thyroid are also marketed for this indication. | |
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March, 2006 (Issue 43)   | top |
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| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder, occuring in about 15% of the US population; it is 2-3 times more frequent in women than in men. IBS is characterized by chronic abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits. | |
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February, 2006 (Issue 42)   | |
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  | Drugs for Insomnia p.5 |
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Superseded by Treatment Guidelines "Drugs for Insomnia" - Issue 79, March 2009 Many drugs are used to treat insomnia, but for some patients nonpharmacological treatments such as changing sleep habits, relaxation training and cognitive therapy may be more effective and durable than treatment with drugs. Hypnotic drugs are generally FDA-approved only for short-term use, but in practice they often are taken much longer. | |
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January, 2006 (Issue 41)   | top |
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  | Drugs for Treatment of Heart Failure p.1 |
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